Solid calorimeter fiber and connector

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http://hallaweb.jlab.org/12GeV/SoLID/download/ec/fiber_connector/

fiber quote

COMPASS module use BICRON WLS fibers BCF91a

WLS fiber

radiation hardness NIM paper [5]

comparison study [6]

CLAS12 calorimeter use embeded Y11 fiber for light readout [7] [8]

CMS update thinking of using shakshylik type calorimeter, their radiation is high, so they want to use LSO as scintillators, then the limiting factor is also WLS radiation hardness. a group from Notre Dame are working this. http://physics.nd.edu/people/faculty/randal-c-ruchti/

Besides, There was a Scintillating Fiber Detectors workshop, WLS fibers were sometime discussed also. The latest workshop I saw is in 97, I failed to find any new workshop, maybe they stopped since then? https://catalyst.library.jhu.edu/catalog/bib_2062015 http://proceedings.aip.org/resource/2/apcpcs/450/1?isAuthorized=no

connector

1 to 1 connector from oceanoptics(?)

two ends, each one cost $20, total $40, can match 1mm to 1mm fibers. has tool to make ends and connector by simply screw them together.

For shower readout, it cost $400 per module, about 0.7M for 1700 modules.

Besides cost, another concerns is its size about 5-7mm in diameter. it will take a lot space for shower

it could be a solution for small number of fibers connection like 1 or 2 pad preshower WLS fibers.

HallD BCAL lightguide

1 to 1 fiber thermal fusion splicing from CDF

[9]

bundle connector with 1 to 1 matching from LHCb

[10]

from minos

[11]

winston cone from FNAL

on page 23 of the talk at http://indico.ads.ttu.edu/contributionDisplay.py?contribId=8&confId=3

The left "trieste" is kind of plastic and has some bad light loss according to the author.

The right "winstone cone" is hollow inside with reflection layer, it can convert abut 20 fibers into a smaller area about 3mm in diameter. they are made by G. Sellberg & E. Hahn from Fermi lab. contact "Greg Sellberg" <sal@fnal.gov>

email 1

attachment at http://hallaweb.jlab.org/12GeV/SoLID/download/ec/fiber_connector/winston_cone_FNAL_email1

I'm working on a few Scintillation Fiber detectors currently. One was a project for MICE/RAL (Muon Cooling) a Beam Profile Monitor. The original photon detector was a Burle MCD w/64 channels that read-out bundles of fibers, cost at time was 3.8k for the MCP and over the years jumped to >5k, so do the math, 59.80/channel in a mounted detector and the SiPM's at the time were >75.00 each and were rolling around in a box.. but as time went by, SiPM came down to below 10.00 each and increase in QE and number of photon detection was around 28 to 32..

So one day in my office I had a package of SiPM's and a Delrin plate that was a jig fixture to position bundles of fibers... SiPM fell into the hole... and I proposed to fabricate a SiPM holder that would mate to the polished fiber feed thru and replace the MCP.. (SiPM in Delrin alignment plate.jpg)

I had a Winston Cone calculation forwarded to a tool maker and they actually were able to fabricate the tools profile to Winston Cone curvature (466872.pdf)... After the Delrin was routed I had the Winston Cone plate aluminized using a jig to ensure the metal was well enough away from the SiPM electronics to prevent cross talk electrical and shorts..(MICE Alum 3D Mask.pdf). I knew the calculation numbers were to heavy to program into a CNC grinder/lathe and told the vendor to ignore 9 of 10 points in the profile, but Fermi has Optical Measuring equipment that did measure and were close..

The Delrin was the wrong material selection, tool chattered during high speed routing and grooved surface that left light defection on surface... at that point MICE pulled funds because Japan packed up at Rutherford Appleton Labs in the UK and left, Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment was about to go down the Johnny flusher too.

Light loss any time one junctions fibers is inevitable. One needs to start at the light source end figure photon production and in the perfect world figure a continuous run fiber to your detector which has its manufactures photon count/dark current,.

Assemble a proof concept and then get a real number, check it too, in a dark box, in a test beam if you have access... Then start building in your "light breaks" to see if your going in the right direction.. true people have done some of this in the past... published a mountain of papers, but you need to factor the human element into this... a batch of BC600 didn't set right, the fiber polisher was dull and should have its diamond tooling changed but someone was in a hurry that day, things like that.. science at its best..."can it be repeated and measured result confirmed".

email 2

attachment at http://hallaweb.jlab.org/12GeV/SoLID/download/ec/fiber_connector/winston_cone_FNAL_email2

Corrado was attempting to cram 100 fibers into the concentrator, despite my objections.... pressed for time and SiPM's shortage...

Next iteration in Test Beam I'll have 25 fibers packed into the concentrator, and add 4 more SiPM's... too much light loss with large bundle. Winston Cone/Concentrator was not optimized to handle 100 fibers.. 30 to 25% where out of the conical area...

Corrado should be able to answer light loss statistics.. he has the data from test beam.

email 3

attachment at http://hallaweb.jlab.org/12GeV/SoLID/download/ec/fiber_connector/winston_cone_FNAL_email3

Mehdi, Three fibers are for a medical imaging system we are developing for NIU/PCT. The three 0.500 mm fibers are in a double layer and form a 0.96mm bundle. These directly press against a T0-18 international standard SiPM. which has a 1.2mm circular photon feature on the silicon. T1015, Corrado Gatto's experiment originally was designed to use a clear plastic concentrator which utilized plastic light guides... He changed design to include fibers to terminate into the concentrator attached to the SiPM housing... didn't work, during a Test Beam run at M-Test. He sought me out with the SiPM/fiber work that was being conducted in R&D at FermiLab. I had worked on MICE Beam Profile Monitors and converting AD Beam Line SWIC's from gas wire chambers to optical SWIC's with scintillation Fibers. (transporter_2.pdf, ver.assem._3.jpg first light-1.jpg Optical SWIC) During work on MICE with numbers of fibers from the large area of detector plane, the center area cross section was requested to have a lesser amount of bundles and periphery had more bundled fibers for economic reasons. My collage Paul found a Winston Cone equation on a web page and plugged in the numbers and the plot was then optimized for our concept. (486038.jpg). 006.jpg is Eileen placing the fiber transporter fixture into her "ice finisher", if you look at transporter_2.jpg it has grooves on both sides of aluminum, that position themselves into her machines two wedges, bottom is fixed and top wedge is operated by a cam/lever, and uses ice as a lubricant during diamond polishing, when making multiple passes to plane down black epoxy and fibers. An off-axis parabola designed to maximize collection of incoming rays within some field of view [12] Light Loss: needs to be measured with a source that would provide a uniform photon production, we didn't get that far with the MICE project's funds being pulled out. How was the SiPM holder and Winstone cone plate connected: vacuum cookie.jpg and cable mount_1.jpg Burle 64 channel MCP presses against vacuum fiber cookie and optical grease used as a coupling. nov_trip_4.jpg shows grease.

scintillator

COMPASS use polystyrene DOW STYRON 637 as scintillator

Bicron scintillator http://hallaweb.jlab.org/12GeV/SoLID/download/ec/fiber_connector/bicron_bc400-416.pdf

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