Solid calorimeter readout

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https://www.dropbox.com/sh/365le2o93vpn14e/yM3akCdLSK/readout

Summary

energy depo and number of photons per particle hit

                                         SPD     PS     S         
min  energy depo from MIP(MeV)           0.7     3      30        
min  num of photons from MIP             35      150    1250          
peak energy depo from MIP(MeV)           0.8     4      65        
peak num of photons from MIP             40      200    2700          
energy depo in scint from 7GeV e- (MeV)  0.8     200    1e3       
energy depo in whole from 7GeV e- (MeV)  0.8     200    7e3
max  num of photons energy from 7GeV e-  40      1e4    1e5          
dynamic range                            2       70     35
  • note
    • 1. SPD is 5mm, PS is 2cm
    • 2. In S, a MIP is about 300MeV including energy deposition in scintilator and lead, about 65MeV including energy deposition in scintillator only. In PS, a MIP is about 4MeV including energy deposition in scintillator.
    • 3. Xiaochao confirms LHCb PS has MIP signal of 22 photoelectron from 1.5cm thick scintillator with a 15% QE PMT, so the number of photon for SoLID PS with 2cm thick scintillator and same fiber embedding is 200=(22/0.15)*(2/1.5)
    • 5. COMPASS module has >400 photoelectron for MIP, assume 15% QE, the number of photon is 2700
    • 6. "number of photons" is WLS output. only the entry "peak num of photons from MIP" for PS is from test LHCb and Xiaochao's test,"peak num of photons from MIP" for S is from COMPASS test. all others are from derivation assuming it's linear with energy deposition in scintillators. refer to Fig 98(b) and Fig105 from SoLID pCDR
    • 7. dynamic range is calculated by "energy depo in scint from 7GeV e- (MeV)" over "min energy depo from MIP(MeV)"

energy depo and number of photons rate

by gamma entering PVDIS FAEC preshower, source from e- beam's EM process on target
                     R(cm) 110-120 160-170 250-260 ave
Edep in scint  (1e3*GeV/s) 217.689 72.7636 14.0204 53.26
num of photons       (1e9) 10.8845 3.63818 0.70102 2.663
current               (uA) 2.61227 0.87316 0.16824 0.639

by gamma entering PVDIS FAEC preshower, source from pi0 decay gamma's EM process on target and baffle
                     R(cm) 110-120 160-170 250-260 ave
Edep in scint  (1e3*GeV/s) 105.958 63.4651 6.85565 46.42
num of photons       (1e9) 5.29790 3.17326 0.34278 2.321
current               (uA) 1.27150 0.76158 0.08227 0.557

by gamma entering SIDIS FAEC preshower, source from e- beam's EM process on target and window
                     R(cm) 90-100  140-150 220-230 ave
Edep in scint  (1e3*GeV/s) 46.4399 17.6742 1.42896 14.9
num of photons       (1e9) 2.322   0.88371 0.07145 0.745	
current               (uA) 0.55728 0.21209 0.01715 0.179 

by gamma entering SIDIS LAEC preshower, source from e- beam's EM process on target and window
Edep in scint  (1e3*GeV/s) 66.7386 51.3309 22.4485 43.4
num of photons       (1e9) 3.33693 2.56655 1.12243 2.17
current               (uA) 0.80086 0.61597 0.26938 0.52
  • note
    • 0. everything is per 100cm2 module
    • 1. preshower current is dominant by gamma from EM process of different source
    • 2. for MAPMT with max 10uA current, the limit is 0.62uA per pixel for 16 channel chip or 0.17uA for 64 channel
    • 3. assume 1MeV energy deposition in preshower scintillator corresponding to 50 photons in preshower light output, or 7.5 p.e. if assume %15 QE PMT
    • 4. assume PMT has 15% QE and gain 1e4
    • 5. For Jin's EC response function, refer to Elog 30 and Elog 68

signal

unit in uA 

                                                SPD     PS     S         
min current from one MIP                        16.8    72     600
max current from one 7GeV e-                    19.2    4.8e3  4.8e4
average current from MIP in PVDIS EC high inner 0.4     1.7    23.3
average current from MIP in PVDIS EC low  inner 0.4     1.7    23.3
average current from MIP in PVDIS EC high outer 0.0144  0.072  0.972
average current from MIP in PVDIS EC low  outer 0.0144  0.072  0.972
average current from MIP in SIDIS EC FA   inner 0.0161  0.081  1.089
average current from MIP in SIDIS EC FA   outer 0.0001  0.0004 0.008
average current from MIP in SIDIS EC LA   inner 0.0553  0.2764 3.724
average current from MIP in SIDIS EC LA   outer 0.0046  0.0232 0.311
average current from pi0 in SIDIS EC FA   inner 
average current from pi0 in SIDIS EC FA   outer 
average current from pi0 in SIDIS EC LA   inner 
average current from pi0 in SIDIS EC LA   outer
  • note
    • signal is calculated based on number of photons (see table above)
    • assume PMT with 15% QE and gain 3e5
    • min and max current from one particle hit is pulse height based on 30ns pulse width, triangle pulse shape. For example, 200*0.15*3e5*1.6e-19/30e-9*2/1e-6=96uA for 200 photons
    • average current from MIP or pi0 is total charge per second based on particle rate (see table below). For example, 200*0.15*3e5*1.6e-19*40e3/1e-6=0.0576uA for 200 photons and 40kHz rate.
    • MIP particle rate is pi+ and pi- rate
Jin's total current estimation from dose calculation
5e3 (rad/month) * ( 20*1.5e-3*.1*.1*2e3 kg scintillator/module ) * (1e4/(1.6e-19*1e9) phe/J) / (3600*24*30 s/month) = 7e8 ph.e./s/module Then pick your favorite PMT amplification (e.g. 1e6), and we get about 100uA operating current on PMT.

rate

unit in kHz/100cm2 

PVDIS
            high inner   high outer   low inner  low outer   
pi+         400          20           400        20
pi-         800          30           800        30
gamma(pi0)  0            0            0          0

SIDIS
            FA inner     FA outer     LA inner   LA outer   
pi+         36           0.4          96         8
pi-         36           0.4          96         8
gamma(pi0)  12           4            60         12
  • note
    • rate on EC
    • inner means the most inner module, outer means the most outer module. inbetween, it has log dependance on radius
    • pi+ and pi- rate includes secondary particles
    • gamma(pi0) only include pi0 directly from target, no target cell wall and windows included
    • PVDIS result is based on code "eicRate" with no further correction factor
    • SIDIS result is based on code "eicRate" and divide by 2.5 correction factor

PMT

PMT model      size         price($)      note
H10966A                     3200(small)   MAPMT, possible for SPD and PS				
R3998-02       28mmD        400(bulk)     additional socket C10344-03 $240(small),used by HAllB TPE ECAL with COMPASS module and a customized base
R1166          19mmD        300(bulk)     additional socket E974-17 $170 (small)
R8619          25mmD        360(small)    no socket
FEU-84-3       25mmD        180(bulk)     customized Cockcroft Walton based about $200(bulk), used by GLUEX ECAL
* note: "bulk" means price for bulk order about 2000, "small" means price for a few test samples

signal estimation

preshower (PS)

  • condition
    • 22 photoelectrons per MIP from LHCb test in 2005 with 12x12x1.5cm module [1], 105 photoelectrons per MIP from LHCb test around 2000 with 4x4x1.5cm module and 15% PMT QE [2]. We take the later result as 22. Our 2cm preshower scintilator is 33% thicker than 1.5cm in LHCb PS, so we assume 30 photoelectrons for SoLID PS MIP
    • in SoLID preshower, one MIP is 6MeV, max signal is 200MeV, (refer to the preshower response plot in SoLID pCDR). If we plan to cover 6 - 240MeV which is 1 - 40 MIP, then photoelectrons from PS range is 30-1200
    • pulse full width 20ns according to scope picture from Simona's test of H8500C (slide 26 of talk). According to LHCb study, pulse shape has many variation and 25ns only covers about 85% of pluses on average. We assume 30ns.
    • Simplify pluse shape as a triangle shape, then pulse height is about 2 times pulse area
    • 50 ohm matching
    • at 1000V, MAPMT H10966 has gain 3e5 (comparing to MAPMT H8500 has gain 1.5e6)
    • At WLS (Kurary Y11) emission peak 476nm, QE of MAPMT H10966 and H8500 15%, MAPMT H7546 15%
    • both MAPMT H10966 and H8500C has anode uniformity (=gain*photocathode sensitivity) 1:3 in its spec sheet (Simona's test confirms it). H7546 has 1:3 according to LHCb test, but it has 1:5 according its spec. We assume 1:3
  • result without uniformity problem
    • pulse height min 30*3e5/30e-9*1.6e-19*50*2=0.005V
    • pulse height max 1200*3e5/30e-9*1.6e-19*50*2=0.192V
    • dynamic range 40
  • result with 1:3 uniformity problem
    • pulse height min 30*3e5/30e-9*1.6e-19*50*2=0.005V
    • pulse height max 1200*3e5/30e-9*1.6e-19*50*2*3=0.576V
    • dynamic range 120
  • conclusion
    • pulse height max < flashADC limit 2V
    • 12 bit ADC with 4096 channel like the Jlab flasADC can cover the dynamic range about 120 if a MIP is at channel 30

Scintillator Pad Detector (SPD)

  • condition
    • refer to the estimation for PS
    • In SoLID SPD with 0.5cm thickness, both pion and electron deposit a MIP at 0.8MeV, max deposition at 10MeV, (refer to the SPD response plot in SoLID pCDR).
    • If I set SPD cut at 0.4MeV and suppose it's dynamic range needed is 50 from 0.02 - 10MeV.
  • result
    • With MAPMT uniformity 1:3, the range is 150
  • conclusion
    • 12 bit ADC should still be enough to cover it
    • We would need 10 times higher gain than PS

Shower (S)

  • pion deposit a MIP at 60MeV, max electron deposition at about 2000MeV (refer to the shower response plot in SoLID pCDR).

SPD/PS readout consideration

difference between LHCb and SoLID

  • LHCb SPD and PS are both 1.5cm thick. SoLID SPD is 0.5mm thick, PS 2cm thick. SoLID has a lot low energy background and thus prefer thinner SPD.
  • LHCb SPD ans PS are in trigger. SoLID PS is not in trigger, SPD is. flashADC can't be used for LHCb if it were available (?)
  • LHCb has to use 25ns time window to match its 40MHz bunch crossing time, only 85% of its signal is integrated and it needs very front end and front end electronics to compensate. SoLID has more freedom to choose longer time windows like 30ns or longer and thus accept 100% signal into flashADC to do pulse analysis at offline (?)

MAPMT crosstalk

  • info
    • MAPMT has crosstalk between pixels. It's a effect combines optical and electronic leaks
    • Hamamatsu gives spec for H8500/H10966 max 3.5%, H7546 typical 2%
    • LHCb used fiber to test it, Hamamatsu used a lamp with filter, They both include the anode uniformity effect already
    • For H7546 with R5900-00-M64, LHCb test around 2000 [3] shows 20-25% crosstalk and LHCb test in 2005 [4] has max 2.5%
    • For LHCb Hamamatsu H7546 with R7600-00-M64MOD, LHCb test in 2007 [5] shows 2% after 21 out of 200 unit replaced by Hamamatsu
  • SoLID case
    • SoLID PS signal are very localized and dominated by pions
    • SoLID PS signal has 1MIP of Pion and electron peak at 10MIP and goes up to 40MIP, (refer to the preshower response plot in SoLID pCDR)
    • Assume H10966 with 3.5% crosstalk, electron peak deposition gives 10*3.5%=0.35MIP, electron max deposition gives 40MIP*3.5%=1.4MIP. If we are cutting on 3-4MIP for PS, it should be a small effect.
    • comparing to LHCb, it has a range of 1-50MIP by and covered by 10bit ADC with 1000 channels [6]
    • background is at a MIP level (refer to the background response plot in SoLID pCDR) and it shift both pion energy and electron energy up by the same amount, the dynamic range becomes smaller and we just need to shift the cut by same amount
  • channel arrangement
    • choice 1, same radius on same MAPMT to have same background level (preferred?)
    • choice 2, same sector on same MAPMT and match calorimeter module arrange because modules in a cluster will be summed anyway, for PVDIS, total 1800 channels and 30 sectors, 1800/30=60, so we can have one sector on one 64 channel MAPMT

MAPMT info

  • Our Study
    • W&M study of LHCb MAPMT [7]
    • SDU summary of Hamamatsu MAPMT [8] [9]
  • LHCb Study
    • LHCb structure before ECAL is 1.5cm SPD + 2.5X Lead + 1.5cm PS, MAPMT H7546 with special front end electronic for readout, 10bit ADC for PS, 1bit for SPD
    • LHCb Hamamatsu H7546 with R5900-00-M64 (12 stages) test in 2005 [10], 2000 [11]
    • LHCb Hamamatsu H7546 with R7600-00-M64MOD (8 stages) mass characterization in 2007 [12]
    • H7546 as a package may have involved from R5900-00-M64 to R7600-00-M64MOD inside
  • Hamamatsu info
    • MAPMT assembly from hamamatsu http://www.hamamatsu.com/jp/en/product/category/3100/3002/index.html
    • H7546 is a package name and its current spec sheet mentions R7600-M64 PMT inside[13]
    • The new MA-PMT, H12700 [14], is still under development. We hope to be able to release it by the end of this year
    • H8500 and H10966 uniformity map in Figure 3 on page 2 of its datasheet [15] and it's similar at different HV setting [16]. By standard spec, the non-uniformity has to be less than 1:3. It reflects variation in anode sensitivity, which is gain x photocathode sensitivity. The 1:3 means that we record the relative output of all anodes: the lowest output must be larger than 1/3 of the highest one.
  • other
    • CLAS12 RICH H8500C test, including crossstalk result (Hoek_H8500_Characterization.pdf)
    • CLAS12 RICH has some H7546 test done also (Montgomery_NPESeminar_150911.pdf)
    • CLAS12 RICH frontend (130626_RICH_Tech_Rev_FrontEnd.pdf)
    • CLAS12 RICH DAQ (HallB_RICH_DAQ_June2013.pdf)
    • CLAS12 RICH review report (Rich_Tech_Review_report.pdf)
    • SBS coordinate director, similar to SoLID EC SPD (CDet-talk-SBS-MeetingJune2013-Sarty.pptx)

PMT tube info

  • Consideration
    • WLS output wavelength is peaked at 475nm (Kuraray Y11 for PS and SPD), 496nm (Bicron BCF91A for S)
    • Our simulation shows SPD:PS:S signal ratio is roughly 1:10:100
    • Assume LHCb SPD/PS test gives 22 photoelectrons per MIP, then our PS has 30 photoelectrons per MIP. Assume similar QE about 15-20%, the gain we want is for SPD,PS,S would be about 1e7,1e6,1e5 respectively to have signal within 2V flashADC limit
    • With x10 amplifiers on SPD, we may use same PMT with 1e6 gain for SPD and PS (?)
    • SPD/PS only connect about 2 fiber heads, small PMT is enough and cheaper(?)
    • S connects 100 1mm fibers and needs larger PMT to cover at least 1cm2
  • info for vendors

The SoLID calorimeter has three parts, scintillator pad(SPD), preshower(PS),shower(S). http://solid.physics.umass.edu/~seamus/solid_precdr.pdf On page 106 of the file, there's a sketch drawing showing the preshower and shower part. The SPD is just a thin plane of scintillator before PS

1. Scintillation wavelength: All of them are readout by embedded Wave length shifting fibers which has peak wavelength 475-496nm

2. Min. and max. number of incident photons per channel per event: a rough estimate, SPD: 20-100, PS: 150-6000, S: 1k-10k

3. Active area per channel: The SPD and PS has 2 of 0.5mmD or 1mmD fibers for readout by PMT. The S has 100 of 1mmD fibers for readout by PMT

4. Event rate: 1MHz level for low energy event 0.2kHz level for high energy event


Hamamatsu info

refer to page 34-43 of [17]

choose PMT with headon type, range 300-650nm, peak at 420nm,Bialkali(BA) cathode,Borrosilicate(K) window

  • for SPD/PS
    • R1635, 10mm
    • R647, R4124, 13mm
    • R1635 has only 8 stage, others has 10 stage. R647 has larger anode current
    • prefer R647 due to larger gain and higher anode current
  • for S
    • R9800,R7899,R4998,R1924A, 25mm, R9800 has 8 stage while others has 10 stage
    • R6095,R6094,R6427,R7205-01,R3998-02,R7111,R7525, 28mm, R7525 8 stage and R3998-02 9 stage while other 10 or 11 stage
    • prefer R9800, R7525, R3998-02 due to small gain
  • from Ardavan Ghassemi (AGhassemi@hamamatsu.com, Phone: 908-252-7632)
    • It would be most cost effective if you can select the same PMT for S, PS, and SPD.
    • R1166 could be a suitable and cost effective option for you; although, it's pulse linearity is within ±2% deviation of 4mA and ±5% of 7mA anode peak currents. Would you be able to correct for these deviations? Here is R1166's specs and Its budgetary unit price estimate at qty. of 1800 is around $300.
    • For SPD, Even if gain is decreased to 1E+05, anode current is still too high. In order to decrease incident light intensity onto the PMT, would it be possible to reduce count of WLS fibers per channel or try another countermeasure?
    • For PS & S, another suitable economical candidate is R8619, please find its datasheet and linearity
    • Furthermore, the required pulse linearity is borderline for both R8619 and R1166 when a voltage divider with linear ratios is used, so we recommend a divider with tapered ratios instead. Please refer to the attached pulse linearity data for R8619. For R1166, typical pulse linearity a peak anode current of 25 mA at +/-2% deviation using a tapered divider.
    • R3998-02 spec. in that qty. range is $400 with standard bialkali photocathode and $500 with super bialkali photocathode (higher QE), it has a rather limited pulse linearity. R3998-02 includes a bare socket E678–14C with no built-in divider or power supply. We offer C10344-03 socket [18] with built-in power supply and voltage divider, in 1K-4K units qty. range is $240. At qty. of 20 units, its price is $392.
    • price quote [19] for 2 units each of R1166, R8619, and H10966A. Out of these 3 PMTs, R1166 has a socket E974-17, H10966A has a built in socket. I expect R8619's pricing to be far more attractive than R1166

FEU info

http://www.melz-feu.ru/catalog/?cat=5


HallD use FEU-84-3 for ECAL about $180 each, use Cockcroft Walton bases for these tubes at about $200 per base in large quantities, it's spec here [20]

contact:

info@melz-feu.ru

S.S. Yakushov 995-02-33(phone) 963-51-83 fax

Davyd Kravchenko <kda.pmt@gmail.com>

photonis info

http://www.photonis.com

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